Bone marrow neoplasms are a group of diseases that involve abnormal growth of cells in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside the bones that produces blood cells. Diagnosis of a bone marrow neoplasm typically begins with a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. The doctor may then order blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
Blood tests are used to check for abnormal levels of certain blood cells, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, can help the doctor identify any abnormal growths in the bone marrow. A bone marrow biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of bone marrow is removed and examined under a microscope for signs of cancer.
Once a diagnosis of a bone marrow neoplasm is confirmed, the doctor will determine the type of neoplasm and the stage of the disease. The type of neoplasm is determined by the type of cells that are affected and the stage of the disease is determined by the size and extent of the tumor.
Treatment for bone marrow neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the disease. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and surgery. In some cases, the doctor may recommend a combination of treatments.
The diagnosis of a bone marrow neoplasm can be a difficult and frightening experience. It is important to discuss all of the treatment options with your doctor and to get support from family and friends. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, many people with bone marrow neoplasms can lead full and active lives.